There are a great many psychogenic and social factors that may affect the sexual response, as well as many diseases, surgeries or types of trauma that may affect the genitals or their vascularisation (blood vessels) or innervation (nerves).
The lack of oestrogens in menopause may cause disorders of the vulva and the vagina, leading to lubrication problems, an increase in the vaginal Ph and a greater vulnerability to infection through urogenital germs. All this may cause vaginal dryness, dyspareunia and pain.
A reduction in testosterone may cause disorders of sexual desire and excitability, as well as changes in the external genitalia.
Hyperprolactinemia (increase in prolactin) and hyperthyroidism may inhibit the chain of events that condition sexual response.
Psychotropic drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (used to treat depression), neuroleptics and antipsychotics are also associated with female sexual dysfunction.
Alcohol, smoking and drugs may affect the female sexual function if different ways.